ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Mutations in p53 are the most common genetic alterations in human malignancies. Expression of its protein product has been linked to decreased survival rate in ovarian carcinoma. P53 is well known as a pro-apoptotic tumor suppressor gene, but less is known about the importance of p21 expression in patients with epithelial ovarian malignancies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the different expression levels of p53 and p21 in various cell type of epithelial ovarian carcinomas and to determine their clinical significances. METHODS: Fifty eight patients (serous (n=18), mucinous (n=14), clear cell (n=12), endometrioid (n=14) carcinoma) with epithelial ovarian carcinoma were studied using paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. Immunohistochemical staining utilizing monoclonal antibody against p21 and p53 were performed. Amount of their proteins were quantified using western blotting. RESULTS: Mean age was 49.2 years old and advanced stage (III and IV) of cancer were 26 (44.8%). Recurrence rate and death rate were 20.7%, 22.4% respectively. With immunohistochemical staining for p21 and p53, p53 were significantly strongly stained in almost all epithelial ovarian carcinomas. However, p21 expressions were found in 10% of patients with serous carcinoma, 14% of patients with mucinous carcinoma, 38% of patients with endometrioid carcinoma, but 100% of patients with clear cell carcinoma. Among the patients whose tumors showed p21 staining, over expression were found in all clear cell typein western blot. But positive staining for p21 was below 10% in each slides of serous, mucinous and endometrioid type of ovarian carcinoma except clear cell type. This finding suggest that P21 expression was independent pathway in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis to the expression of p53 in serous, mucinous, and endometrioid type of ovarian carcinoma, but showed strongly positive correlation P21 and p53 expression in clear cell carcinoma. CONCLUSION: P21 may be used as a marker for confirmation of diagnosis of clear cell carcinoma due to its unique expressions of p21.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous , Apoptosis , Blotting, Western , Carcinoma, Endometrioid , Cell Cycle , Diagnosis , Genes, Tumor Suppressor , Mortality , Mucins , Naphazoline , Ovarian Neoplasms , Recurrence , Survival RateABSTRACT
Retinoids play an important role in growth, reproduction and differentiation. Recently, retinoids have been used to both protect and treat from various animal models of carcinogenesis. In this study the effect of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (fenretinide) on viability of human neuroblastoma cell lines were evaluated. For the evaluation of apoptosis of human neuroblastoma cell lines by fenretinide. MTT assay, cytoplasmic DNA fragmentation, TUNEL stain, and Western blot analysis were performed. In MTT assay, fenretinide inhibited the proliferation of CHP134, IMR32 and SH-SY5Y but not in PC12 cells. Cytoplasmic DNA fragmentation was induced by treament of fenretinide (10 micrometer) for 48 h in IMR32 cells. PARP cleavage was detected by Western blot analysis after 16 h of treatment of fenretinide in CHP134, IMR32 and SH-SY5Y. These fenretinide effects on growth inhibition and increased apoptosis followed to the time dependent manner. The fenretinide treatment did not affect the phosphorylation of MAP kinases (ERK, JNK, p38). There was no change of Bcl-x and Bad expression after treatment of fenretinide (1 micrometer) in neroblastoma cell lines. Pretreatement of PD98059, SB203580, LY294002, or genistein also did not affect fenretinide-induced PARP cleavage in neuroblastoma cell lines. From these results, the fenretinide-induced apoptosis is due to the PARP cleavage which occured MAP kinase signal cascades independently.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Apoptosis , Blotting, Western , Carcinogenesis , Cell Line , Cytoplasm , DNA Fragmentation , Fenretinide , Genistein , In Situ Nick-End Labeling , Models, Animal , Neuroblastoma , PC12 Cells , Phosphorylation , Phosphotransferases , Reproduction , RetinoidsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cefditoren is an oral cephalosporin with excellent activity against Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Moraxella catarrhalis, which are the predominant bacterial causes of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. The current study attempted to determine the antibacterial activity of cefditoren against the major clinical isolates. METHODS: According to the NCCLS recommendations, antibacterial activities of cefditoren were measured against total 504 major clinical isolates. MICs were determined by the agar dilution method, a series of doubling dilutions from 128 to 0.03 microgram/mL, on E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, C. freundii, S. marcescens, P. mirabilis, and Staphylococcus spp. In case of H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, and M. catarrhalis, broth microdilution method, a series of doubling dilutions from 16 to 0.015 microgram/mL, was performed. RESULTS: Cefditoren had variable activity against Enterobacteriaceae. MIC cumulative curves showed that cefditoren had low MIC distributions against E. coli and P. mirabilis, and MIC90 were 8 and 0.5 microgram/mL, respectively. Against K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, C. freundii, and S. marcescens, cefditoren's MIC90 values ranged from 32 to >128 microgram/mL. For clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and methicillin-susceptible S. epidermidis, cefditoren had MIC90 values of 1 microgram/mL and 0.5 microgram/mL, respectively. Cefditoren had MIC90 values of 1 microgram/mL for penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-not-susceptible strains of S. pneumoniae. Cefditoren had MIC90 values of 0.03 microgram/mL and 0.5microgram/mL against H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis, respectively. CONCLUSION: Cefditoren had excellent activity against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis. Cefditoren had variable activity against Enterobacteriaceae. The results of this study confirm the excellent activity of cefditoren against the major respiratory tract pathogens and suggest that cefditoren could be a good antibiotic for empiric oral treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections.
Subject(s)
Agar , Cloaca , Enterobacteriaceae , Haemophilus influenzae , Influenza, Human , Mirabilis , Moraxella catarrhalis , Pneumonia , Respiratory System , Respiratory Tract Infections , Staphylococcus , Streptococcus pneumoniaeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cefditoren is an oral cephalosporin with excellent activity against Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Moraxella catarrhalis, which are the predominant bacterial causes of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. The current study attempted to determine the antibacterial activity of cefditoren against the major clinical isolates. METHODS: According to the NCCLS recommendations, antibacterial activities of cefditoren were measured against total 504 major clinical isolates. MICs were determined by the agar dilution method, a series of doubling dilutions from 128 to 0.03 microgram/mL, on E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, C. freundii, S. marcescens, P. mirabilis, and Staphylococcus spp. In case of H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, and M. catarrhalis, broth microdilution method, a series of doubling dilutions from 16 to 0.015 microgram/mL, was performed. RESULTS: Cefditoren had variable activity against Enterobacteriaceae. MIC cumulative curves showed that cefditoren had low MIC distributions against E. coli and P. mirabilis, and MIC90 were 8 and 0.5 microgram/mL, respectively. Against K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, C. freundii, and S. marcescens, cefditoren's MIC90 values ranged from 32 to >128 microgram/mL. For clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and methicillin-susceptible S. epidermidis, cefditoren had MIC90 values of 1 microgram/mL and 0.5 microgram/mL, respectively. Cefditoren had MIC90 values of 1 microgram/mL for penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-not-susceptible strains of S. pneumoniae. Cefditoren had MIC90 values of 0.03 microgram/mL and 0.5microgram/mL against H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis, respectively. CONCLUSION: Cefditoren had excellent activity against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis. Cefditoren had variable activity against Enterobacteriaceae. The results of this study confirm the excellent activity of cefditoren against the major respiratory tract pathogens and suggest that cefditoren could be a good antibiotic for empiric oral treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections.
Subject(s)
Agar , Cloaca , Enterobacteriaceae , Haemophilus influenzae , Influenza, Human , Mirabilis , Moraxella catarrhalis , Pneumonia , Respiratory System , Respiratory Tract Infections , Staphylococcus , Streptococcus pneumoniaeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the extracellular deposition of beta-amyloid peptide(Abeta) in the brain, presumed to play a pathogenic role. However, the precise molecular mechanisms of its neurotoxicity are not fully understood. METHODS: Abeta-mediated cytotoxicity in neuronal cell lines (PC12, SH-SY5Y, IMR32, and U87) was measured by an MTT assay. NF-kappaB activation by Abetawas examined by a luciferase assay and apoptosis induced by Abetawas measured by cytoplasmic DNA fragmentations. RESULTS: Abetacytotoxicity in the tested cell lines was more prominent in the absence of serum than in the presence of serum in culture media. PC12 cells showed the highest sensitivity to Abetacytotoxicity among the cell lines. The Abeta(25-35) cytotoxicity in PC12 cells was increased in a dose-dependent manner. For convincing oxidative stress involved in Abetacytotoxicity, antioxidants such as DTT, GSH, vitamin C, or NAC were pretreated. GSH protected PC12 cells from Abetacytotoxicity, but DTT or NAC did not. Abeta (25-35) treatment to PC12 cells increased the NF-kappaB activity in a dose-dependent manner. Cytoplasmic DNA fragmentations, one of the apoptotic indicators, were increased at lower concentrations of Abeta(25-35) from 0.01 to 0.1 microM, however, dose-dependent increments of DNA fragmentations were not observed at higher concentrations from 1 to 10 microM. CONCLUSIONS: From these results, Abeta-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells might be mediated by oxidative stress.
Subject(s)
Animals , Alzheimer Disease , Amyloid beta-Peptides , Antioxidants , Apoptosis , Ascorbic Acid , Brain , Cell Line , Culture Media , Cytoplasm , DNA , Luciferases , Neurodegenerative Diseases , Neurons , NF-kappa B , Oxidative Stress , PC12 CellsABSTRACT
Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the central nervous system (CNS) usually involves the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, and T1-weighted MR images normally demonstrate infundibular thickening and/or a mass lesion in the hypothalamus and the absence of a posterior pituitary "bright spot". We recently encountered a case of CNS Langerhans cell histiocytosis with no posterior pituitary "bright spot" and with lesions involving the cerebellum and basal ganglia but not the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.
Subject(s)
Axis, Cervical Vertebra , Basal Ganglia , Central Nervous System , Cerebellum , Histiocytosis , Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell , HypothalamusABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cefroxadine is an oral first-generation cephalosporin, which has been used for several years. But, the susceptibility data of cefroxadine were rarely reported in Korea. The current study attempted to determine the antibacterial activity of cefroxadine against the major clinical isolates. METHODS: According to the NCCLS recommendations, antibacterial activities of cefroxadine were measured against total 500 major clinical isolates. MICs were determined by the agar dilution method, a series of doubling dilutions from 128 to 0.03 /mL, on Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, Serratia marcescens, Proteus mirabilis, and Staphylococcus spp. In case of Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Moraxella catarrhalis, broth microdilution method, a series of doubling dilutions from 16 to 0.015 /mL, was performed. RESULTS: Cefroxadine had variable activity against Enterobacteriaceae. MIC cumulative curves showed that cefroxadine had relatively low MIC distributions against E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis, showing MIC50 were 4, 4, and 8 /mL, respectively. Against E. cloacae, C. freundii, and S. marcescens, cefroxadine 's MIC50 values ranged from 128 to >128 /mL. For clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus epidermidis, cefroxadine had MIC90 values were 4 /mL and 8 /mL, respectively. Cefroxadine had MIC50 values of 1 /mL and >16 /mL for penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-not-susceptible strains of S. pneumoniae, respectively. Cefroxadine had MIC50 values of 8 /mL and 4 /mL against H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis, respectively. CONCLUSION: Cefroxadine had good activity against gram-positive bacteria, except penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae, and showed moderate antimicrobial activity against M. catarrhalis, E. coli, P. mirabilis, and K. pneumonaie. Cefroxadine had variable activity against Enterobacteriaceae other than the above-mentioned species.
Subject(s)
Agar , Citrobacter freundii , Cloaca , Enterobacter cloacae , Enterobacteriaceae , Escherichia coli , Gram-Positive Bacteria , Haemophilus influenzae , Influenza, Human , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Korea , Mirabilis , Moraxella catarrhalis , Pneumonia , Proteus mirabilis , Serratia marcescens , Staphylococcus , Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus epidermidis , Streptococcus pneumoniaeABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Gastrointestinal carcinomas usually evolve through a series of well defined histologic steps. This concept of carcinogenesis is a multistep process involving progressive loss of growth control as well as an expansion and shift of cell proliferation. The cell proliferations and kinetics of normal gastrointestinal tract are well known. But, the cell kinetics of adenoma in gastrointestinal tract is poorly understood. This study was designed to evaluate the cell kinetics of low grade adenoma in stomach and colon. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried by the TUNEL method for the apoptosis and immunohistochemical staining for the Ki-67 using the formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues. RESULTS: The mucosal locations of apoptotic cells and Ki-67 immunoreactive cells were irregular in gastric adenoma. The Ki-67 immunoreactive ceils were located in the base of colonic adenoma. Apoptotic cells were located in the luminal surface of the colonic adenoma, CONCLUSION: Above results indicate that most cells of the colonic adenoma move toward the lumen, corresponding to the base and lumen in low grade adenoma of stomach.
Subject(s)
Adenoma , Apoptosis , Carcinogenesis , Cell Proliferation , Colon , Formaldehyde , Gastrointestinal Tract , In Situ Nick-End Labeling , Kinetics , Paraffin , Phenobarbital , StomachABSTRACT
Infantile hemangioendothelioma of the liver is a common vascular tumor in infancy. The tumor is usually multinodular or diffuse and classified into two types. We present a case of infantile hemangioendothelioma of the liver, which predominantly consists of type 2. A 4-month-old female was admitted for an evaulation of an abdominal distension. A CT scan of the liver showed a multinodular mass. The right lobectomy was done. Grossly, the mass consisted of round nodules ranging from 2cm to 5cm in diameter. Microscopically, the tumor revealed proliferation of small vascular channels lined by endothelial cells. Bizarre cells and mitotic cells were frequently noted. Vesicular nuclei and multilayering of the endothelial cells were also noted.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Endothelial Cells , Hemangioendothelioma , Liver , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
There was decreasment of the domestic animal rabies, but increasment of the sylvatic animal rabies now a days in the world. We could see stable statistics of the ministry of health and social affairs annuala report, however, only rabies we could occationally find out suggestive human rabies by domestic animal for the slight more incidence in Korea. Now, we report on the three cases of sugg. Rabies in our children and review of literature. We think the improvement should be needed for postmortem examination that isn't taking by the Korean custom.
Subject(s)
Animals , Child , Humans , Animals, Domestic , Autopsy , Incidence , Korea , RabiesABSTRACT
We have reported on a case of hemophilia B (Christmas disease) of 6 month old Korean who was have admitted to our hospital in duration of 7 days on Aug. 1974. Clinical study review of literature for a case were made briefly.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Hemophilia BABSTRACT
We have reported on a case of craniopharyngioma of 11 year old korean who had diabetes insipidus and the other typical symptoms. X-ray finding. Hormonal therapeutic study and review of literature for a case were made friefly.